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The purpose of this paper is to examine the magneto hydrodynamic flow and heat transfer of nanofluids over a permeable wedge based on engine oil which is under the effects of thermal radiation and convective heating.

The equations governing the flow are transformed into differential equations by applying similarity transformations. Keller box method is used to bring out the numerical solution.

The discovery interprets that temperature as well as the velocity of Ag-engine oil nanofluids are more noticeable than Cu-engine oil nanofluids. Thermal boundary layer increases for radiation parameter as well as Biot number. Fluctuations of co-efficient of drag skin friction as well heat transfer rate at the wall are also tested.

Till now, no numerical studies are reported on the heat transfer enhancement of the permeable wedge under thermal radiation on engine oil nanofluid flow by considering convective heating.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the steady 2D buoyancy effects on MHD flow over a permeable stretching sheet through porous medium in the presence of suction/injection.

Similarity transformations are employed to transform the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. The transformed equations are then solved numerically by a shooting technique.

The working fluid is examined for several sundry parameters graphically and in tabular form. It is observed that with an increase in magnetic field and permeability of porous parameter, velocity profile decreases while temperature and concentration enhances. Stretching sheet parameter reduces velocity, temperature and concentration, whereas it increases skin friction factor, Nusselt number and Sherwood number.

Till now no numerical studies are reported on the effects of heat source and thermal radiation on MHD flow over a permeable stretching sheet embedded in porous medium in the presence of chemical reaction.

The purpose of this paper is to address the combined effects of thermal radiation and chemical reaction on steady MHD mixed convective heat and mass transfer flow past a vertical surface under the influence of Joule and viscous dissipation.

The governing system of partial differential equations is transformed to dimensionless equations using dimensionless variables. The dimensionless equations are then solved analytically using perturbation technique.

With the help of graphs, the effects of the various important parameters entering into the problem on the dimensionless velocity, dimensionless temperature and dimensionless concentration fields within the boundary layer are discussed. The authors noticed that the velocity increases with an increase in the porosity parameter. An increase in the Prandtl number Pr, decreases the velocity and the temperature field. An increase in the radiation parameter, decreases the velocity and the temperature field. Also the effects of the pertinent parameters on the skin-friction coefficient and rates of heat and mass transfer in terms of the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are presented numerically in tabular form.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, recent this work has not been finished by any other researchers.

This paper aims at studying numerically the entropy generation of nanofluid flowing over an inclined sheet in the presence of external magnetic field, heat source/sink, chemical reaction along with slip boundary conditions imposed on an impermeable wall.

A suitable similarity transformation technique has been used to convert the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The ODEs are then solved simultaneously using the finite difference method implemented through an in-house computer program. The effects of different controlling parameters such as magnetic parameter, radiation parameter, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, chemical reaction parameter, Reynolds number, Brinkmann number, Prandtl number, velocity slip parameter, temperature slip parameter and the concentration slip parameter on the entropy generation and Bejan number have been discussed comprehensively through the relevant physical insights for the first time.

The relative strengths of the irreversibilities due to heat transfer, fluid friction and the mass diffusion arising due to the change in each of the controlling variables have been delineated both in the near-wall and far-away-wall regions, which may be helpful for a better understanding of the thermo-fluid dynamics of nanofluid in boundary layer flows. The numerical results obtained from the present study have also been validated with results published in open literature.

The effects of different controlling parameters such as magnetic parameter, radiation parameter, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, chemical reaction parameter, Reynolds number, Brinkmann number, Prandtl number, velocity slip parameter, temperature slip parameter and the concentration slip parameter on the entropy generation and Bejan number have been discussed comprehensively through the relevant physical insights for the first time.

This study aims to investigate the effect of two-dimensional Darcy-Forchheimer flow over second-grade fluid with linear stretching. Heat transfer through convective boundary conditions is taken into account.

Nonlinear coupled governing equations are tackled with a homotopy algorithm, while for numerical computation the computer software package BVPh 2.0 is used. The convergence analysis is also presented for the validation of analytical and numerical results.

Valuation for the impact of key parameters such as variable thermal conductivity, Dufour and Soret effects and variable magnetic field in an electrically conducted fluid on the velocity, concentration and temperature profiles are graphically illustrated. It is observed from the results that temperature distribution rises by Dufour number whereas concentration distribution rises by Soret number. The Forchheimer number and porosity parameter raise the skin friction coefficient. The permeable medium has a vital impact and can help in reining the rate of heat transfer.

The permeable medium has a vital impact and can help in reining the rate of heat transfer.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is reported for the first time.

This study aims at introducing a method based on the failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) to aid in selecting the most suitable formwork system with the minimum overall cost.

The research includes a review of the literature around formwork selection and analysis of data collected from the building construction industry to understand material failure modes. An FMECA-based model that estimates the total cost of a formwork system is developed by conducting a two-phased semi-structured interview and regression and statistical analyses. The model comprises material, manpower and failure mode costs. A case study of fifteen buildings is analysed using data collected from construction projects in the UAE to validate the model.

Results obtained indicate an average accuracy of 89% in predicting the total formwork cost using the proposed method. Moreover, results show that the costs incurred by failure modes account for 11% of the total cost on average.

The analysis is limited to direct costs and costs associated with risks; other costs and risk factors are excluded. The proposed framework serves as a guide to construction project managers to enhance decision-making by addressing the indirect cost of failure modes.

The research proposes a novel formwork system selection method that improves upon the subjective conventional selection process by incorporating the risks and uncertainties associated with the failure modes of formwork systems into the decision-making process.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of chemical reaction and thermal radiation on mixed convection flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics of nanofluid through a wedge occupied with water–TiO₂ and water–Al₂O₃ made nanofluid by considering velocity, temperature and concentration slip conditions in present investigation.

Using acceptable similarity transformations, the prevailing partial differential equations have been altered into non-linear ordinary differential equations and are demonstrated by the diverse thermophysical parameters. The mathematical model is solved numerically by implementing Galarkin finite element method and the outcomes are shown in tables and graphs.

The temperature and concentration fields impede as magnetic field parameter improves in both water–Al₂O₃ and water–TiO₂ nanofluid. While there is contradiction in the velocity field as the values of magnetic field parameter rises in both nanofluids. The non-dimensional velocity rate, rate of temperature and rate of concentration rise with improved values of Weissenberg number.

Nanofluid flows past wedge-shaped geometries have gained much consideration because of their extensive range of applications in engineering and science, such as, magnetohydrodynamics, crude oil extraction, heat exchangers, aerodynamics and geothermal systems. Virtually, these types of nanofluid flows happen in ground water pollution, aerodynamics, retrieval of oil, packed bed reactors and geothermal industries.

The paper aims to examine the boundary layers of a three-dimensional stagnation point flow of Al-Cu nanoparticle-suspended water-based nanofluid in an electrically conducting medium. The effect of magnetic field on second-order slip effect and convective heating is also taken into account.

The thermophysical properties of alloy nanoparticles such as density, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity are computed using appropriate formula. The non-linear parabolic partial differential equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations and solved by shooting technique.

The influence of compositional variation of alloy nanoparticle, nanoparticle concentration, magnetic effect, slip parameters and Biot number are presented for various flow characteristics. Interesting results on skin friction and Nusselt number are obtained for different composition of aluminium and copper.

A novel result of the analysis reveals that impact of magnetic field near the boundary is suppressed by the slip effect.

This article investigates the dynamic implication of healthcare expenditure on economic growth in the selected ten Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2000–2018.

The study methodology included dynamic heterogenous panel, using mean group and pooled mean group estimators. The investigation of the healthcare expenditure and economic growth nexus was achieved while controlling the effects of investment, savings, labor force and life expectancy via interaction terms.

The results from linear healthcare expenditure have a significant positive impact on economic growth, while the nonlinear estimates through the interaction terms between healthcare expenditure and investment have a negative statistically significant impact on growth. The marginal effect of healthcare expenditure evaluated at the minimum and maximum level of investment is positive, suggesting the impact of health expenditure on growth does not vary with the level of investments. This result responds to the primary objective of the article.

In policy terms, the impact of investment on healthcare is essential to addressing future health crises. The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can never be separated from the shortages or low prioritization of health against other sectors of the economy. The article also provides an insight to policymakers on the demand for policy reform that will boost and make the health sector attractive to both domestic and foreign direct investment.

Given the vulnerability of SSA to the health crisis, there are limited studies to examine this phenomenon and first to address the needed investment priorities to the health sector infrastructure in SSA.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the momentum, heat and mass transfer characteristics of magnetic-nanofluid flow past a vertical plate embedded in a porous medium filled with ferrous nanoparticles. The analysis is carried out in the presence of pertinent physical parameters such as aligned magnetic field, thermal radiation, chemical reaction, radiation absorption, heat source/sink.

The flow governing PDEs are transformed into ODEs using appropriate conversions. Further, the set of ODEs is solved analytically using the perturbation technique. The flow quantities such as velocity, thermal and concentration fields are discussed under the influence of above-mentioned pertinent physical parameters with the assistance of graphical depictions. Moreover, the friction factor, local Nusselt and Sherwood number are discussed in tabular form.

The results indicate that flow and thermal transport phenomenon is more effective in the case of the aligned magnetic field as compared with the transverse magnetic field. Also, the nanoparticle volume fraction plays a vital role in controlling the wall friction and heat transfer performance. The validation of the obtained results is done by comparing them with the results of various numerical techniques, and hence found them in excellent agreement.

In present days, the external magnetic fields are very effective to set the thermal and physical properties of magnetic-nanofluids and regulate the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The strength of the applied magnetic field affects the thermal conductivity of magnetic-nanofluids and makes it aeolotropic. With this incentive, the authors investigated the flow and heat transfer characteristics of electrically conducting magnetic-nanofluids over a vertical surface embedded in a porous medium. The authors discussed the dual nature of ferrous-water nanofluid in the presence of aligned magnetic field and transverse magnetic field cases. The influence of several physical parameters on velocity, thermal and concentration field converses with the succour of graphs.